The Colonel's Cave

מערת הקולונל

Mount Sodom

In the northern Negev, between the southern basin of the Dead Sea and the Amiaz Plain, rises a mountain block about 11 km long and only 2 km wide. This is Mount Sodom – a mighty salt mountain that has risen over the ages and contains hundreds of special salt caves. Among them is the longest salt cave in the world, named after the mountain, as well as the Colonel's Cave.

The salt caves in the mountain were formed by rainwater floods dissolving the rock. Salt rock dissolves easily, so even though there is little rain in the area, every flood changes the face of the mountain and carves channels and caves deep inside it. These floods created sinkholes with vertical shafts at their bottom, leading to huge tunnels that emerge facing the southern basin of the Dead Sea. In these caves, various salt forms have been shaped – stalactites, crystals and more.

The Colonel

A black-marked trail called the "Ladders Ascent" climbs to the southern summit of the Mount Sodom ridge. There, near a lookout post that once protected the potash works, a huge shaft plunges into the belly of the mountain, emerging at the bottom of the ascent. The Colonel's Cave burrows deep into Mount Sodom, and it is powerful and unique!

Today, as around a hundred years ago, the area draws various people – but back then they were not hikers climbing to the summit for the sunrise or descending into its depths to discover its secrets; they were factory workers. They first built a potash plant in the northern part of the Dead Sea basin, but when they found the vast Sodom salt flat, with its hot climate and low humidity, they decided to build another potash plant there. Moshe Novomeysky, owner of the potash company, entrusted the construction of the plant to a British engineer named Thomas Gregory Tulloch – "the Colonel".

In 1934 construction of the plant began next to the entrance of a salt cave. Because of the meager means and lack of buildings for the workers, they lived in tents, which were unbearable during the daytime. So at midday, in the heat of the day, they would come to the cave entrance to rest and enjoy the breeze flowing from its upper opening down to its exit.

As the plant developed, a real settlement for the workers was built – Sodom. It had various buildings, a small train, a convalescent home and even a cinema, which was built right at the entrance of the Colonel's Cave; its remains are still there today. But the War of Independence cut short the workers' way of life and the plant's normal operation. It suffered a harsh siege and heavy shelling, during which the workers had to hide in the mountain's caves. The shelling by the Jordanian Legion, together with sabotage of the fresh water supply to the isolated plant, led to its abandonment and an agreement to hand it over to Jordan. The plant was evacuated and the era of the workers' village of Sodom came to an end. A few years later, work in the area was renewed on the initiative of David Ben-Gurion, and the young State of Israel founded a new company to produce potash – the Dead Sea Works – known to us today as the owner of the Mount Sodom area.